What are the typical network hardware?

Network hardware refers to the physical devices used to build and operate computer networks. These devices facilitate communication and data transmission between different devices on a network. Some typical examples of network hardware include:

1. Routers: Routers are crucial network devices that direct traffic between different networks. They analyze data packets and determine the best path for them to reach their destination. They often connect multiple networks together and manage the flow of data between them.

2. Switches: Switches are used to create a local area network (LAN). They connect devices within a single network, allowing them to communicate with each other. Switches efficiently direct data to the intended recipient within the same network based on MAC addresses.

3. Hubs: Hubs, though less common in modern networks, are devices used to connect multiple devices in a LAN. They work by broadcasting data to all devices connected to them, unlike switches that send data only to the intended recipient.

4. Network Interface Cards (NICs): NICs are hardware components installed in computers, laptops, or other devices to allow them to connect to a network. They enable devices to transmit and receive data over the network.

5. Modems: Modems are devices that enable connectivity to the internet by converting digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone or cable lines and vice versa. They are commonly used in homes and businesses to access the internet via DSL, cable, fiber, or other types of connections.

6. Firewalls: Firewalls are devices or software systems that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. They help protect networks from unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.

7. Wireless Access Points (WAPs): WAPs allow devices to connect to a wired network wirelessly. They enable Wi-Fi connectivity by broadcasting a wireless signal that devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets can use to access the network.

8. Network Cables and Connectors: Ethernet cables (e.g., Cat5e, Cat6) and connectors (RJ45) are used to physically connect devices to a network, such as connecting computers to switches or routers.

9. Repeaters and Extenders: These devices amplify or extend the reach of a network's signal, especially in larger or more complex network setups where the signal strength might weaken over longer distances.

10. Network Adapters: These devices enable various types of connections, such as USB-to-Ethernet adapters, enabling devices without built-in Ethernet ports to connect to wired networks.

These network hardware components work together to establish and maintain communication between devices, ensuring the smooth functioning of computer networks.